TEHRAN – Tehran and Moscow deepened their strategic alliance on Friday by concluding the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation in an official signing ceremony attended by President Masoud Pezeshkian and President Vladimir Putin. Ta.
The treaty builds on the first Strategic Cooperation Agreement signed between the two countries in 2001. Efforts to develop a new agreement began in 2019 and ended in July 2024.
The new Strategic Cooperation Treaty between Iran and Russia consists of a preamble and 47 articles, covering a wide range of cooperation, including military, economic, nuclear, and media fields.
Here are 10 things you should know about contracts.
1. What does the treaty say about military cooperation and mutual assistance in case of military aggression?
According to Article 3, Sections 3 and 4:
If one party to the treaty is invaded, the other party will not provide the aggressor with military or other assistance that might prolong the invasion. We also strive to ensure that disputes are resolved in accordance with the United Nations Charter and other applicable international law.
The Parties will not allow their territory to be used in support of separatist movements or acts that threaten the stability and territorial integrity of the other Party, or for mutually hostile activities.
Furthermore, under Article 5(4), the parties will consult and cooperate to address common military and regional security threats.
2. What does the treaty say about intelligence and security cooperation between Iran and Russia?
Under Article 4:
Intelligence and security agencies from both sides will exchange information and expertise and strengthen cooperation to strengthen national security and counter common threats.
These institutions will cooperate within the framework of separate agreements.
3. How does this treaty affect security issues in the Caspian Sea?
Iran and Russia view the involvement of third countries, especially Western countries, in the Caspian Sea region as a threat to their national interests. Section 1 of Article 13 emphasizes that:
The parties will cooperate to maintain the Caspian Sea as a region of peace, good neighborliness and friendship, and to ensure security and stability in the region, based on the principle of excluding military forces that do not belong to coastal states.
4. What does the treaty say about countering unilateral sanctions?
Although the treaty does not specify unilateral U.S. sanctions, both countries face significant sanctions from the United States. Article 19 deals with this issue generally and states in paragraphs 3 and 4:
The Convention applies if the actions of a third party directly or indirectly affect one of the Parties to the Convention, its persons, entities, assets, goods moving between the two parties, or intellectual property, services, or labor. The state will refrain from participating in or supporting unilateral coercive measures. Imposed by a third party.
In the event of unilateral coercive measures being imposed by a third party on a party to a treaty, both countries should seek to reduce the risks and minimize the direct and indirect effects on their mutual economic relations, individuals, entities and assets. We will take practical steps to limit this. It also limits the dissemination of information that could be exploited by third parties to enforce such measures.
5. What is the treaty’s plan to counter the financial and banking sanctions that the West has imposed on Tehran and Moscow?
According to Section 2 of Article 20:
The parties will cooperate towards establishing a modern and independent payment infrastructure free from third party interference, transitioning to bilateral payments in national currencies, strengthening direct bank-to-bank cooperation and promoting national financial products. .
6. How does the treaty address nuclear cooperation between Iran and Russia?
Article 23 states:
The parties will develop long-term and mutually beneficial relations to implement joint projects for the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, including the construction of nuclear facilities.
7. What does the treaty say about media cooperation between the two countries?
According to Article 33:
The parties urge media outlets to engage in broad cooperation to raise public awareness, support the free flow of information, and jointly counter false news and negative propaganda against the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation. Encourage We will also counter the spread of disinformation and other abuses of the media that threaten the national interests and security of both countries.
8. How are potential disputes regarding the implementation of the Convention resolved?
Under Article 44:
Any disputes arising from the interpretation or implementation of the Treaty will be resolved through consultation and negotiation between the parties through diplomatic channels.
9. How long is the treaty in force?
According to Clause 1 of Article 45:
The Convention is subject to ratification and will enter into force 30 days after the last written notification that the necessary domestic procedures for entry into force have been completed. It is valid for 20 years and automatically renews for 5 years thereafter.
10. Can either party withdraw from the treaty?
yes. According to Section 2 of Article 45:
Either party may terminate the Treaty by giving written notice at least one year prior to its expiration.