Tehran – Agh et Rayen stands as one of Iran’s most spectacular historic landmarks and is famous as “the second largest Adobe Citadel in the world” after the UNESCO-designated Arg-e Bam.
Located in Leyen, an ancient city in the province of Carman, the mud brick fortress weighing over 22,000 square meters, it continued to live until the mid-19th century, serving as a strategic hub throughout various historic periods.
However, the Citadel played an important role under the rule of Nader Shah Afshar and later under the Zandh dynasty, serving as a centre of governance and commerce due to the position of the trade routes connecting Karman, Jiroft and Bander Abbas.
Although often overshadowed by the larger Arg-e Bam, the Rayen Citadel is recognized as an important historical monument. Despite many earthquakes and natural disasters, its conserved structure provides valuable insight into ancient Persian military architecture and urban planning.
The wonders of architecture
Built entirely as a mud expert, the Citadel is an extraordinary example of the traditional Iranian fortress structure. Its structure consists of tall walls, 16 defensive towers and one magnificent entrance on the east side. The fortress is divided into different sections, including residential areas, central fortress, markets, mosques, schools, baths and governing facilities. The noble quarters within the fortress feature complex architectural elements such as multiple buildings, courtyards and large halls.
One of the most fascinating aspects of the Citadel is its hidden escape routes designed to allow the dominant elite to escape during enemy invasions. The octagonal pavilion, known as the governor’s residence, is another architectural highlight that reflects the grandeur and ingenuity of Persian design.
Cultural and historical significance
The Rayen Citadel is more than just a historic place. It is a testament to the ancient civilization of Iran. The fortress exemplifies the social structure of the time, with separate quarters for the ruling classes, military personnel and ordinary residents.
The city of Leyen itself was historically known for its craftsmanship, particularly for its swords and knives making.
Other attractions
Visitors to Rayen can explore several other attractions in the area. For example, Rayen Waterfall, a scenic natural wonder near Citadel. Gishigan is a village known for its cool climate and lush landscapes. Leyen’s Jamemesk is an architectural gem that reflects Persian and Islamic artistry. Mount Hizar, Iran’s fourth highest peak, offers breathtaking hiking and trekking opportunities.
The best time to visit
The best season to visit Rayen Citadel is spring and autumn, which is ideal for exploring both the fortress and the surrounding attractions.
A complete tour of the Citadel usually takes 2-3 hours.
Cultural melting pot
Carman is like a cultural melting pot, and over time it blends the cultures of different regions. It also has a wealth of tourist attractions and historic sites, including bazaars, mosques, caravansalees and ancient urban ruins.
It is surrounded by Fars Province in the west, Yazd in the north, South Horasan in the north, Sistan Balchestan in the east, and Holmozgan in the south. It includes dasht-e lut, south of the desert in central Iran.
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