In an exclusive interview with The Economist in Tehran on November 19, Araghchi noted that Iran’s missile capabilities have improved in both quantity and quality since the 12-day war earlier this year, and that lessons learned are strengthening its defenses.
When asked about Iran’s preparations for a possible new Israeli invasion, Araghchi said Iran is “even more prepared than the last war.”
He stressed that Iran’s missiles are now in a better position both in terms of quantity and quality. “The best way to prevent war is to prepare for war, and we are well prepared,” Araghchi said.
Regarding Iran-Russia relations, the foreign minister said that Russia provided significant support during the 12-day war, which led to increased cooperation thereafter. He said Iran is further developing its “strategic partnership” with Russia.
On the nuclear issue, Araghchi stressed that Iran supports achieving a nuclear deal, but insists it must be “fair and balanced.”
He rejected U.S. attempts to dictate terms, insisting that while Iran was willing to commit to zero nuclear weapons, uranium enrichment remained non-negotiable.
“Zero enrichment is not possible, but zero (nuclear weapons) is possible,” he said. He also said that uranium enrichment “has now stopped” due to the U.S. attack.
“We don’t have any good experience negotiating with the United States,” he said. Nevertheless, the door remains open. “We are ready to negotiate, but we cannot accept orders,” he said.
More than a decade ago, Iran and world powers signed the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), limiting Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for some relief from international sanctions. The agreement was finalized on July 14, 2015 after extensive negotiations.
In exchange for major sanctions relief, Iran has promised to limit uranium enrichment to 3.67%, reduce the number of centrifuges and allow inspections by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
In May 2018, US President Donald Trump withdrew from the JCPOA and reinstated sanctions, prompting Iran to urge European signatories to honor their commitments.
However, under US pressure, European countries did not meet their obligations, and Iran gradually reduced compliance and increased uranium enrichment.
The Biden administration also failed to revive the JCPOA, continuing its sanctions policy and allowing the agreement to deteriorate further.
MNA