Ayatollah Sayyed Ruhollah Mousavi Khomeini, a Muslim clergyman, Marja, political leader of Iran’s Islamic revolution in 1979, and defeated Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the last Shah of Iran.
After the revolution, Imam Khomeini became the grand leader of Iran – the most important figure in the political system of the new Islamic Republic – until his end.
Imam Khomeini was considered by many Muslims as Marja e Takulid and was officially addressed in Iran as an Imam rather than a Grand Ayatollah. His supporters adhered to the tournament. Imam Khomeini was also a highly influential and innovative Islamic political theorist and was most notable for the development of Verayat e Faki’s theory, the “guard of the Ulys Consultant.”
Childhood
He was born in the city of Homaine in central Iran on September 24, 1320 (September 24, 1902) in Jumada II 20 (September 24, 1902). (He was born on the anniversary of Lady Fatima Al Zar (a)’s birthday, so his birthday anniversary is exceptionally counted according to the monthly calendar.)
His father, Sayyid Mustafa Musavi, was studying Islamic subjects in Najaf, at the same time as Ayatollah Mirza Siraj. His father was murdered five months after Said Ruhora’s birth in a brutal battle with the local governor, although the people of Homey mentioned their religious issues.
Sayyid Ruhollah grew up under the supervision of his mother Hajieh Agha and his paternal aunt Sahiba Khanum.
Ruhollah Khomeini cried out from his religious family through the seventh Imam (Imam Musa Qazem), a descendant of the Prophet Mohammad.
His paternal grandfather had Ahmad Musavi, whose wife Sakine gave birth to Mostafa in 1856. This led to the cancellation of the concession.
education
At the age of six he began studying the Quran, the sacred book of Islam. He received early education at his home and at his local school under the supervision of Mullah Abdul Qassem and Sheikh Jafar, and was guardian of his brother Ayatollah Pasandide until he was 18 years old.
He was arranged to study at Islamic Seminary in Esfahan, but instead was drawn to Arak’s seminary. It was named for its academic brilliance under the guidance of Ayatollah Sheikh Abdul Kari Kari Yazdi.
In 1921, Imam Khomeini began his research in Arak. The following year, Ayatollah Haeri-Yazdi transferred the Islamic seminary to a holy urban city and invited the students to follow. Imam Khomeini accepted an invitation to Dar Al Shafa School in QOM, moved and resided before being exiled to the sacred city of Iraq. After graduating, he taught Islamic law (Sharia), Islamic philosophy, mysticism over the years, and wrote many books on these subjects.
Imam Khomeini became Marja in 1963, after the death of General Hossein Borgherdi.
education
Imam Khomeini spent many years teaching law, jurisprudence, jurisprudence, Islamic philosophy, mysticism, and principles of Islamic ethics at QOM Islamic Seminary.
In Najaf, he taught Islamic subjects, including advanced levels of jurisprudence at Masjid al-Shaikh al-a-Zam al-Anali for almost 13 years. During these years he taught the rationale for his doctrine, Wilayat al-Faki, in several sessions for the first time.
According to his students, his class was one of the most important classes in the seminary of Najaf. In some periods, the number of participants in his class reached 1,200, among which were many famous contemporary Mujitahid.
Life in exile
Imam Khomeini spent more than 14 years in exile, mainly in the sacred city of Najaf, Iraq. Initially he was sent to Türkiye on November 4, 1964, where he stayed in Bursa city for less than a year. He was hosted by a Turkish colonel named Ali Kettiner in his own residence.
In late October 1965 he was allowed to move to Najaf, Iraq, where he stayed until 1978 after President Saddam Hussein expelled him, and was forced to leave in 1978. He then went to Niefles Le Chateau in France.
In the early 1970s, Imam Khomeini gave a lecture series in Najaf on the Islamic government. The Islamic government was later published as a book entitled “Preventing Islamic Government or Islamic Law Scholars (Verayat e Faki). This was his most famous and influential work, laying out his ideas about governance at the time.
However, in the meantime, Imam Khomeini has been careful not to promote his ideas outside his Islamic network of opposition to Islam, which he worked to build and strengthen over the next decade. A copy of his lecture lashed out at Shah, for example as “an American snake who must destroy its head with stones,” becoming a common item in the Iranian market, helping to remove the power and dignity of Shah and his governance.
As the protest grew, so did Imam Khomeini’s profile and importance. During the final months of his exile, Imam Khomeini has received a constant stream of reporters, supporters and celebrities and wants to hear the spiritual leader of the revolution.
Returning to Iran
Just two weeks after the Shah fled Iran on January 16, 1979, Imam Khomeini returned to Iran on Thursday, February 1, 1979, and was invited to the already ongoing anti-Shah revolution. Conservative estimates have placed at least three million people in welcoming Iranian crowds.
Originally, Ayatollah Khomeini was planned to enter Iran on January 26th, but Prime Minister Shapur Bhaktia announced that the airport would be closed. He declared from Khomeini, Paris, that he would return as soon as the airport reopens. The airport closures have led to widespread protests and strikes. Tehran alone has killed 28 people. On January 29th, the airport reopened.
International Quds Day
A few months after the victory of the revolution, in the month of Ramadan in 1399 (August 1979), Imam Khomeini declared the last Friday of the holy month of Ramadan as the QUDS day, asking the Islamic world to show solidarity with the oppressed Palestinians and to protect their rights.
Since then, large marches and rallies have been held in Iran and other countries on this day to demonstrate support and solidarity with the Palestinians.
The day is titled International Quds Day.
The end of Imam Khomeini
On Saturday, June 3, 1989, Imam Khomeini, who died of cancer at the age of 89, died in hospital for 11 days after surgery to stop internal bleeding. Over 10 million people from across the country attended Imam Khomeini’s funeral, forming one of the largest funerals in the world.
Following the end of Imam Khomeini, Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei was chosen on June 4, 1989 by a meeting of experts who were successors in accordance with the constitution.
The end of Imam Khomeini is a national holiday in Iran on June 4th every year. Leaders of the Islamic Republic Revolution take this opportunity to speak at the ceremony annually.
Republished